This OSHW board is designed to easily hook up RS485, I2C, SPI and analog sensors to LoRaWAN network. It is a proven in the field, power optimized, fully opensource LoRa node with working firmware examples.

Features

• Arduino compatible SDK
• Pratformio compatible
• Low power:
• Sleep current - 15uA
• Message cost @ SF7 - 38mC (~190k messages from 4xAA battery)
• Power switching for external I2C and RS485 sensors
• ESD protection
• Reverse polarity protection
• Wide input voltage range (up to 12V)
• Footprint for edge SMA antenna connector
• USB MSC bootloader

Hardware resources

• Connector J1 is power input, 12V max
• Connector J4 is RS485 interface. VOUT on this connector is connected directly to the positive power input. Current of up to 500mA can be supplied from this connector. Q2 and Q1 form a high side switch to switch power to the connected RS485 bus. Digital pin 2 in Arduino environment can be used to switch power on and off.
• Connector J3 is I2C interface. +3V3 on this connector is connected to the onboard +3V3 regulator. Up to 100mA can be supplied from this connector. R6 and R7 are I2C pullup resistors with the value of 4.7 kOhm. Q7 is a switch that controls power to this connector. Digital pin 5 in Arduino environment can be used to controll this switch. Control logic is inverted, i.e. writing pin 5 HIGH will disconnect power to J3 and pullups, writing pin 5 LOW, will connect +3V3 to J3 and pullups.
• SWD connector is provided for debugging and low level programming. 6-pin Tag-Connect connector can be used
• Battery level is measured thru resistors R11, R12. Battery voltage is provided to this resistive divider when power to RS485 port is enabled. Voltage proportional to battery voltage is provided on analog pin A0. If using power supplies higher than 9V adjust values of resistors R11, R12 accordingly.
• Led WAN is connected to digital pin 18
• Led SENS is connected to digital pin 17
• Led BATT is connected to digital pin 16
• Button TEST is connected to pin A1
• Button RESET is connected to RESET line of the microcontroller U2.

Power

The board is designed to be used with 4xAA 1.5V cells. This strategy was chosen because for low power device it makes little sense to use recheargable batteries as you probably will not want to bring back device from field to charge it, it's much more practical to just change the batteries. 4xAA configuration allows to use up full capacity of AA cell - typically AA cells are totally flat at 0.8V, thus the circuit will stay fully operational till the batteries are flat - 0.8x4=3.2V while microcontroller works down to 2.5V and RFM69 module works down to 1.8V.

Nevertheless, power sources up to 12V can be used. Also rechargeable LiPo cells can be used.

Antenna

A SMA connector is available on board, a right angle SMA connector designed for 1.6mm thickness board can be fitted.

Nevertheless, a simple wire works just fine, I was able to transmit messages up to 10km away using a simple piece of wire as an antenna. Solder a piece of single core wire and cut it to a length for your frequency:

• 868Mhz - 86.3mm
• 915MHz - 81.9mm

Note that for commercial projects you have to certify your full device with antenna of your choice.

Firmware

A working example firmware source code is provided. The firmware takes care of setting up radio module, sleep, querying sensors and formatting payload and transmission.

Bootloader

UF2 bootloader is pre-installed. You can upload firmware updates by simply dragging and dropping the firmware file to a disk.

Programming environment setup

Use Platformio to program the board. All you need is a USB cable. Working low power code examples are provided.

Libraries used

• arduino-lmic -- you can add it via Arduino Library manager, but cloning the git repo is strongly recommended to get all the latest fixes

Indication and UI

Three leds are provided on the board called WAN, SENS and BATT. It is up to the user to decide how exactly to use them, but general guidance is that WAN led displays radio activity, SENS led provides sensor activity or status indication and BATT led provides battery status indication.

RESET and TEST buttons are available. RESET button resets the microcontroller, also it can be used to enter the bootloader mode for firmware upload. If sleep is utilised in the firmware, doubleclick the RESET button to enter the bootloader.

TEST button usage is up to the user.

Serial port is availale via USB-CDC interface, it can be used for debug messages, command line interface or other uses to be decided by the user. Note that in sleep mode USB is disconnected, disable sleep in the firmware to use the serial port.